200,000 years BC

First traces of Man on the territory of the future Luxembourg area

Histoire du Luxembourg : Le destin européen d’un « petit pays » dirigé par Gilbert Trausch ("Chronologie de l'histoire du Luxembourg" de l'édition de 2002).

40,000 years BC

Appearance of Cro-Magnon

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

3500 BC (Neolithic)

People are leaving the valleys to go to the fertile plateaus

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

1800 BC

Appearance of bronze

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

900 BC

Migrations brought Celtic populations to our regions and initiated the Iron Age and the Hallstatt. (-800 -400)

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

500 years BC

Tène: Celtic populations spread across Europe. The Treveri settled around Luxembourg and the Mediomatrices near Metz.

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

End of the 6th millennium BC

Appearance of the first villages of the ribbon culture

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

13th-8th centuries BC

Urnfield Civilization which leads to an increase in the population of the territory

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

11th-8th centuries BC

Bronze Age, beginnings of a specialization of crafts

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

6th to 3rd century BC

Hunsrück-Eifel civilization and first constitution of the "Trevere" territory

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

Approx. 250-150/125 BC

"Dark Ages" of the region's protohistory. Political and economic crisis possibly due to epidemics

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

End of the 2nd century BC

Structuring of the Treveran territory

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

Around 100 BC

Beginnings of the organization of the Titelberg oppidum

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins.

Around 80-20/10 BC

The Titelberg oppidum became the political, cultural and economic centre of the Treveri

https://www.sitp.lu/oppidum-du-titelberg/

58-50 BC

Caesar's conquest of Gaul sparked opposition between pro-Roman and pro-independence Treveri

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P7

From 38/39 BC

Planning and construction of the great Roman roads of Gaul

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P8

30 BC

Revolt of the Treveri against Rome. A garrison of the Roman army settles in the oppidum of Titelberg.

https://www.livius.org/articles/place/titelberg/

18 BC

Construction of the first bridge over the Moselle in Trier

https://kulturdb.de/einobjekt.php?id=48&utm_

Last decade BC

Construction of the first urban frameworks in Trier

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P9

68/69 AD

Crisis of the Empire and revolts in Eastern Gaul

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/Histories/4A%2A.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com

End of the 1st and 2nd centuries

The "Roman peace" favors the emergence of Gallo-Roman culture

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P8-9

3rd century

Economic and political crisis of the Roman Empire

https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Rome/Diocletian

Mid-3rd century

Start of Germanic incursions into Eastern Gaul and first improvised fortifications by rural populations

https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Rome/Diocletian

End of the 3rd and 4th centuries

Construction by the Roman army of numerous fortifications in the hinterland of the imperial city of Trier, including the rocky spur of the Bock, the origin of the current site of the city of Luxembourg

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P9

697-698

Abbess Irmine gives part of the Echternach estate to the Anglo-Saxon missionary Willibrord, founding the Abbey of Echternach

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P13

843

Partition of Verdun, birth of central France

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P14

869

Death of Lothair II, who gave his name to Lotharingia, coronation of Charles the Bald in Metz

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P15

882

Battle of Remich, victory of the Normans against the bishops of Metz and Trier and Count Adalard

Eugen Ewig : La région de Trèves dans l'Empire mérovingien et carolingien. Dans : Histoire de la région de Trèves. Trèves 1964, pp. 284-286

900

Zwentibold, King of Lotharingia, is defeated by the great Lotharingians who pay homage to Louis the Child

https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/lotharingie/

921-925

Lotharingia is definitively integrated into the kingdom of Germania

https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/lotharingie/

around 963

Acquisition of the rock of Lucilinburhuc by Sigefroid

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1059-1086

Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1083

First mention of the County of Luxembourg Count Conrad I founds the Abbey of "Munster," the first abbey of the lineage of the Counts of Luxembourg

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1136

Death of Conrad II, last Count of Luxembourg of the House of Ardennes.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1136-1196

Henry of Namur, known as "the Blind," inherited the County of Luxembourg. He united the counties of Namur, Luxembourg, Laroche, and Durbuy.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1186

Birth of Ermesinde

https://today.rtl.lu/your-luxembourg/knowledge-bites/a/1854534.html

1214

Union of the County of Luxembourg and the Marquisate of Arlon following the marriage of Ermesinde of Namur-Luxembourg and Waléran of Limbourg

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1226 - 1247

Countess Ermesinde founded Clairefontaine Abbey, the second abbey in the lineage of the Counts of Luxembourg.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1247-1281

Henry V, known as Henri de Blondel, Count of Luxemborg.

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1281-1288

Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1288-1313

Henry VII Count of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor. (1308-1313)

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html (Page 5)

1308

Henry VII is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties#:~:text=Le%20r%C3%A9gime%20bourguignon%20renforce%20l,conserveront%20l%27usage%20du%20fran%C3%A7ais.

1310

John of Luxembourg marries Elisabeth, heiress to the Kingdom of Bohemia, which becomes part of the Luxembourg patrimony.

https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/jean-ier-de-luxembourg/

1313-1346

John the Blind, Count of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia since 1310

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1311

Henry VII is crowned King of the Lombards in Milan Beginning of the Italian expedition

https://history.uni.lu/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2019/02/29_11_2018_w_68_a7c98efcb2.pdf

1340

John the Blind founds the Luxembourg Fair

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/fetes-et-traditions/schueberfouer.html

1346

Death of John the Blind at the Battle of Crécy

https://www.military-history.org/feature/royal-deaths-john-the-blind.htm

1346-1354

Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg, established Luxembourg as a Duchy. He was Holy Roman Emperor from 1346.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-IV-Holy-Roman-emperor

1354

Charles IV cedes Luxembourg to his half-brother Wenceslas.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-IV-Holy-Roman-emperor

1354-1383

Wenceslas I, Duke of Luxembourg.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1383-1419

Wenceslas II, Duke of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1419-1437

Sigismond Duke of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1433-1477

Charles the Bold

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1437

The House of Luxembourg dies with Sigismund

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1441

Treaty of Hesdin

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1947/BID_1947_5/BID_1947_5.pdf

1443

The Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good (Philip III), captures the city of Luxembourg.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1457-1582

Maris of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold

https://www.histoire-des-belges.be/au-fil-du-temps/moyen-age/etat-bourguignon/le-territoire-bourguignon

1461

The States of Luxembourg recognize Philippe as their legitimate sovereign

https://www.histoire-des-belges.be/au-fil-du-temps/moyen-age/etat-bourguignon/le-territoire-bourguignon

1467

Charles the Bold, son of Philip the Good, ascends the throne

https://www.histoire-des-belges.be/au-fil-du-temps/moyen-age/etat-bourguignon/le-territoire-bourguignon

1477

Charles the Bold perished at the siege of Nancy

https://www.histoire-des-belges.be/au-fil-du-temps/moyen-age/etat-bourguignon/le-territoire-bourguignon

1477

Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles, marries Maximilian of Austria, passage from Luxembourg to the Habsburgs

https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Luxembourg

1478 - 1506

Philip the Beautiful

https://www.chassenature.org/en/oeuvres/peintures/portrait-de-philippe-le-beau

1482

Mary died and was succeeded by her son Philip the Handsome, aged 3.

https://www.justarrived.lu/generalites-luxembourg/histoire-luxembourg-capitale-europe/

1487

Passage of Luxembourg to the Habsburgs by marriage

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1500

Birth of Charles V, son of Philip the Handsome and Joanna of Castile, immediately invested with the title of Duke of Luxembourg

https://histoiresroyales.fr/charles-quint-24-fevrier-1500-naissance-couronnement-abdication/

1506

Philip the Handsome became king consort of Castile-Leon but died a few months later.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/400-ans-souverains-etrangers.html

1520

Charles V comes to power

https://www.ck-avocats.com/fr/philippe-ii.html

1542 and 1543

Luxembourg is drawn into the duel between Valois and Habsburg. The French capture the city of Luxembourg but cannot hold it.

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1543

Destruction of Altmünster Abbey

https://nationaltokens.com/coin-collection/luxembourg-city-abbaye-de-neum%E2%88%8Fnster/

1548

Charles V creates the Circle of Burgundy, comprising the Netherlands and Burgundy, and ties them more closely to the empire.

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1548

Pragmatic sanction = Charles V makes the provinces of the Netherlands an indivisible whole. An important step on the road to centralization

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1555

Abdication of Charles V in favor of his son Philip II (1527-1598) The Duchy of Luxembourg and the Netherlands pass to the Spanish Habsburgs

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1558

Death of Charles V

https://fr.aleteia.org/2023/09/20/charles-quint-sur-son-lit-de-mort-un-modele-de-depouillement-et-de-piete/

1559

Luxembourg was left out of the creation of new bishoprics in the Netherlands. It would have to wait until 1870 before having its own bishopric.

https://www.cathol.lu/www/patrimoine/geschicht-vun-der-dioezees/histoire-de-larcheveche-de-luxembourg

1579

Union of Utrecht

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Union-of-Utrecht

1594

Father Jean Bertels, originally from Louvain, abbot of the abbey d'Echternach, published the first history of Luxembourg

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2014/01-janvier/21-archives.html

1598

Philip II leaves the Netherlands to his daughter Isabelle married to Albert Austria

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/famille_grand-ducale/La_famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1618-1648

Thirty Years' War

https://museeprotestant.org/notice/la-guerre-de-trente-ans-1618-1648/

1635

France entered the war of Trent Ans et fait du Luxembourg a theater of war

https://www.lhistoire.fr/%C3%A9ph%C3%A9m%C3%A9ride/la-france-entre-dans-la-guerre-de-trente-ans

1644

The first casemates were dug by the Spanish

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-V-Holy-Roman-emperor

1657

Peace of the Pyrenees, Spain cedes the south to France Duchy of Luxembourg. First dismemberment of Luxembourg

https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/a-propos-de-l-histoire-du-luxembourg/a-propos-histoire-luxembourg-fr.pdf

1666

The Provincial Council elects the Holy Virgin patron of Luxembourg under the title of Consolatrice des affligés

https://www.cathol.lu/fr/actualites/news-display-fr/renouvellement-de-lelection-de-la-consolatrice-des-affliges-comme-patronne-de-la-ville-de-luxembourg

1679-1681

France claims and successively occupies almost all of Luxembourg.

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P52

1683

Spain declares war on France. Siège et prise de la fortress of Luxembourg by two marshals of France, Créqui and Vauban. The latter will completely remodel the fortress Luxembourg

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1698

France withdraws Luxembourg from Spain Treaty of Ryswick Louis XIV renounces and returns Luxembourg to Charles II of Spain

https://histoire-itinerante.fr/histoires-itinerantes/histoire-moderne/europe-1700-guerre-succession-espagne/

1700-1714

War of the Spanish Succession

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

1711

Philip V cedes the provinces of Luxembourg and Namur to Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of Bavaria

https://www.clio.fr/bibliotheque/chronologie/chronologie_les_pays_bas.php?letter=A

1713-1714

Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt, Spanish heritage is shared From now on, we speak of the Austrian Netherlands

Traités de la fin de la guerre de la guerre de succession d'Espagne

1714

Emperor Charles VI takes possession of Luxembourg. The duchy falls to the Austrian branch of the Habsburg family.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1726-1740

Major fortification works that will make Luxembourg the Gibraltar of the North

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/699/

1740-1780

Accession of Empress Maria Theresa

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/400-ans-souverains-etrangers.html

1782

Abolition of serfdom by Emperor Joseph II

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1794-1795

Siege and surrender of the Luxembourg fortress following the edicts of Joseph II

https://www.vdl.lu/en/city/a-glance/history

1795

Luxembourg forms the Department of Forests

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1795

The remains of John the Blind were entrusted to Pierre Joseph Boch, owner of the Septfontaines earthenware factory.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1800

The Concordat reconciles the Church with the Revolution The Luxembourgers accept the French regime

A PROPOS de l’histoire du Luxembourg - Service information et presse du gouvernement luxembourgeois - P14

1804

Napoleon Bonaparte visits the Forestry Department two months before his coronation

https://bnl.public.lu/fr/a-la-une/a-la-loupe/2021/sur_les_traces_de_napoleon.html

1809

Introduction of church factories

https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution/Events-of-1789

1815

The Congress of Vienna and its 1,000 participants created the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and granted it a complex international status. The Eifel, Soure, and Our were granted to Prussia.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/renaissance-dun-pays.html

1815

William of Orange-Nassau, King of the Netherlands, becomes Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He treats the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg as an 18th province of the Netherlands, but renounces his garrison rights because Luxembourg joins the German Confederation at the same time.

Scuto

1823

Luxembourg, attached to the bishopric of Metz since the French Revolution, passes to that of Namur

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

December 31, 1830

Publication on December 31 of a "Royal Decree establishing a special administration for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg." The will of the Treaty of Vienna is finally implemented.

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P74

1830-1839

Belgian Revolution supported by a majority of Luxembourgers. Belgium controls and administers the entire Grand Duchy except for the capital.

https://lequotidien.lu/luxembourg/le-Grand-Duche-a-200-ans/

1839

William I accepts the Treaty of London partitioning Luxembourg. The French-speaking western half passes to Belgium, while the German-speaking half continues to form the Grand Duchy, despite popular will. 2,586 km². 175,000 inhabitants.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/renaissance-dun-pays.html

1840-1849

King Grand Duke William grants self-government to the Luxembourgers, who then build the structures of their state.

Scuto

1840

The Grand Duchy is established as an apostolic vicariate directly dependent on Rome

https://www.cathol.lu/www/patrimoine/geschicht-vun-der-dioezees/histoire-de-larcheveche-de-luxembourg?utm_

1842

Luxembourg enters into an economic agreement with Prussia: The Zollverein will last until 1918

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/premire-guerre-mondiale.html

1848

William II grants the Luxembourgers their first constitution

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/ordr/1848/07/09/n1/jo

1856

Creation of the International Bank of Luxembourg and the State Savings Bank

https://paperjam.lu/article/1856-creation-bil-et-bcee

1856

William III imposes a more authoritarian constitution on the recalcitrant Luxembourgers

https://conseil-etat.public.lu/dam-assets/fr/publications/historique.pdf

1859

Opening of the first railway line

https://bnl.public.lu/fr/a-la-une/a-la-loupe/2024/epopee-du-rail.html

1866

Austro-Prussian War ends the German Confederation. Luxembourg severs all political ties with Germany.

https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/043965/2003-11-05/

1867

The Treaty of London decides to dismantle the fortress and proclaim Luxembourg's unarmed neutrality

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/top-5-accords-historiques.html

1870

The apostolic vicariate is erected into the bishopric of Luxembourg

https://www.cathol.lu/www/patrimoine/geschicht-vun-der-dioezees/histoire-de-larcheveche-de-luxembourg

1870

Construction of the first steelworks in Esch

https://citylife.esch.lu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2018/02/Sur_les_Traces_du_Passe%CC%81.pdf

1872

Michel Rodange publishes Rénert

https://www.persee.fr/doc/civme_1281-704x_2006_mel_16_1_1169

1890

On the death of Guillaume III, without an heir, the Grand Duchy passed away Nassau-Weilburg.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/brochure/a-propos/A_propos_Famille_grand-ducale/A_propos_Famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

Grand Duke Adolph of Nassau Weilburg (1817-1905)

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-grand-duke-of-Luxembourg

1902-1914

Naissance des 3 partis politiques qui détermineront la vie politique du XXème siècle, parti socialiste, parti libéral et parti social-chrétien

https://shs.cairn.info/article/CRIS_433_0001?lang=fr&ID_ARTICLE=CRIS_433_0001

Guillaume IV, son of Adolphe, (1852-1912) had 6 daughters

https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/a-propos-des-armoiries-de-sar-le-grand-duc-de-luxembourg/a-propos-des-armoiries-de-SAR-le-grand-duc-de-luxembourg-fr.pdf

November 22, 1905

Guillaume IV becomes Grand Duke

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/les-anciens-souverains/sar-le-grand-duc-guillaume-iv

1909

François Faber wins the Tour de France, enlists in 1914 and dies in combat in 1915

https://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/fr/le-tour-de-france-et-la-guerre-de-14

1907

Guillaume IV therefore promulgated in 1907 an internal law of the House of Regent to confirm his eldest daughter Marie Adélaïde as heir to the throne, as well as a clairvoyant family statute regarding the internal constitution of the House of Regent.

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/les-anciens-souverains/sar-le-grand-duc-guillaume-iv

1912

Avénement de Marie-Adélaïde à 18 ans. Première souveraine à être née sur le sol luxembourgeois depuis le comte Jean l'Aveugle

https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/a-propos-famille-grand-ducale/A-propos-Famille-grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1914

Violation of Luxembourg's neutrality by Germany

http://www.gwpda.org/wwi-www/Belgique/neutre.html

August 1914

The Grand Duchess accepts to receive at the palace the Emperor who established his son headquarters in Luxembourg

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/premire-guerre-mondiale.html

1915-1916

Serious political crisis caused by the Grand Duchess

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P88-89

1918-1919

Revolutionary troubles in Luxembourg, failure of the attempt to establish the republic

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

November 22, 1918

Entry of French troops into Luxembourg

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

December 1918

The government denounces the Zollverein, in the impossibility of living in autarky Luxembourg will have to seek an economic union with Belgium ou la France

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

1919

Marie-Adélaïde abdicated in favor of her cadet sister Charlotte

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

1919

Double referendum --> 80% in favor of maintaining the dynasty, etc 73% for an economic union with France

https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/grand-est/histoires-14-18-luxembourg-occupe-1201407.html

1920

Luxembourg enters the society of nations

https://newyork-un.mae.lu/fr/ambassades/le-luxembourg-et-les-nations-unies.html

1921

Signature of the Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2021/11-novembre/17-centenaire-uebl.html

1923

François and Marcel Anen install a radiotelephone transmitter in the attic of their house, 28 Rue Beaumont in Luxembourg, in autumn 1923 and start their first experiments.

https://company.rtl.com/export/sites/rtlunited/en/about-rtl/overview/our-history/

1925

The Anen brothers created Association Radio Luxembourg to run the station.

https://radio.lu/en/

1929

RTL receives the radio frequency concession from the state

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

May 1940

Germany violates again Luxembourg's neutrality, the sovereign and the government goes into exile

https://www.chd.lu/fr/histoire-parlementaire-invasion-10mai1940

August 1940

A Gauleiter is put in place as head of the administration avec pour but to Germanize Luxembourg

http://www.ons-jongen-a-meedercher.lu/uploads/media/document/0001/64/b516791e36bbd8a2aab2b75581773c53b496ed3e.pdf

October 1940

The use of French is prohibited, the organs of the State are dissolved the political parties and the banned unions

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P101

1941

The Luxembourgers start a census organized by the Nazis Referendum for their mother tongue and for their nationality

http://www.ons-jongen-a-meedercher.lu/uploads/media/document/0001/64/b516791e36bbd8a2aab2b75581773c53b496ed3e.pdf

1944

Creation of the BENELUX

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/dossiers/2018/benelux.html#:~:text=Le%20Benelux%20voit%20le%20jour,vigueur%20le%201er%20janvier%201948.

1944

Liberation of Luxembourg

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/comment-les-americains-ont-libere-le-luxembourg-en-septembre-1944/16878081.html

1945

Luxembourg becomes a founding member of the UN

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/systeme-politique/ue-organisations-internationales.html

1948

An amendment to the constitution abolished neutrality, imposed in 1867 par the European powers

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1948/04/28/n1/jo

1948

Luxembourg signs the Brussels Pact and then the NATO Pact

https://www.nato.int/cps/fr/natohq/declassified_162355.htm

1948

Beginnings of civil aviation with the creation of "Luxembourg Airlines Company"

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1968/BID_1968_4/BID_1968_4.pdf

1949

Arrivals of Goodyear (1949), DuPont (1962) and Monsanto (1963).

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1950

Responds to Robert Schuman's call and becomes a founding member of the future European Union

https://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/fr/robert-schuman/biographie-robert-schuman-fr

1952

Luxembourg City was chosen as the provisional seat of the first European Community, then confirmed in 1992 at the Edinburgh Summit.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-Coal-and-Steel-Community

1955

RTL receives the television frequency concession from the State

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1964

Charlotte abdicates in favor of her son Jean

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/la-vie-du-grand-duc-jean/268039.html

1969

The first motorway is put into service

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/1969/06/03/n1/jo

1974

Steel production reached a historic peak of 6.5 million tonnes. The steel crisis heralded the decline of the industrial sector.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1981

Country's last iron ore mine to close

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1981

Introduction of banking secrecy.

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1981/04/23/n1/jo

1984

Luxembourgish becomes national language

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/langues/luxembourgeois-langue-histoire.html

1985

Creation of SES

https://www.ses.com/about-us/our-history

1985

Pope John Paul II elevates the Bishopric of Luxembourg to the rank of Archbishopric

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/le-jour-ou-jean-paul-ii-a-troque-sa-calotte-pour-un-casque-de-siderurgiste-au-luxembourg/20526324.html

1985

Schengen Agreement on free movement.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/ouverture-internationale/accords-schengen.html

1986

Luxembourg people receive the Charlemagne Prize

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/le-peuple-luxembourgeois-recoit-le-prix-charlemagne/235438.html

1995

Luxembourg City becomes European Capital of Culture for the first time.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1997

The last Luxembourg blast furnace is shut down. Production is now limited to the electrical process.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1997

Luxembourg holds the rotating presidency of the EU

https://paperjam.lu/article/luxembourg-prend-presidence-co

2000

Grand Duke John abdicates in favor of his son Henry

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/cette-allocution-de-noel-du-grand-duc-jean-a-change-le-cours-de-la-monarchie/30034285.html

2002

Merger between Arcelor and Mittal

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2003

Creation of the University of Luxembourg

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2005

In a referendum, 56% of the population voted in favour of the European constitution, which was however never adopted.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2008

Constitutional crisis over euthanasia

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/actualites/toutes_actualites/discours/2008/12-decembre/02-juncker-euthanasie/traduction.html

2013

Election of a DP/LSAP/Greens coalition - called "Gambia".

https://eurocrisislaw.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2019/05/Luxembourg.pdf

2014

The House of Representatives votes for same-sex marriage.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2018

Re-election of a DP/LSAP/Greens coalition - called "Gambia".

https://eurocrisislaw.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2019/05/Luxembourg.pdf

2023

Election of a CSV/DP coalition

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/en/actualites.gouvernement2024%2Ben%2Bactualites%2Btoutes_actualites%2Bcommuniques%2B2023%2B10-octobre%2B11-frieden-formateur.html

2025

Grand Duke Henry abdicates in favor of his son William

https://histoiresroyales.fr/grand-duc-henri-ceremonie-adieu-armee-luxembourgeoise-avant-abdication/

Architecture

https://luxembourg.public.lu/en/visit/arts-and-culture/luxembourg-architectural-heritage-ii-luxembourg-city.html