1823

Luxembourg, attached to the bishopric of Metz since the French Revolution, passes to that of Namur

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/histoire-luxembourg-et-ses-dynasties

December 31, 1830

Publication on December 31 of a "Royal Decree establishing a special administration for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg." The will of the Treaty of Vienna is finally implemented.

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P74

1830-1839

Belgian Revolution supported by a majority of Luxembourgers. Belgium controls and administers the entire Grand Duchy except for the capital.

https://lequotidien.lu/luxembourg/le-Grand-Duche-a-200-ans/

1839

William I accepts the Treaty of London partitioning Luxembourg. The French-speaking western half passes to Belgium, while the German-speaking half continues to form the Grand Duchy, despite popular will. 2,586 km². 175,000 inhabitants.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/renaissance-dun-pays.html

1840-1849

King Grand Duke William grants self-government to the Luxembourgers, who then build the structures of their state.

Scuto

1840

The Grand Duchy is established as an apostolic vicariate directly dependent on Rome

https://www.cathol.lu/www/patrimoine/geschicht-vun-der-dioezees/histoire-de-larcheveche-de-luxembourg?utm_

1842

Luxembourg enters into an economic agreement with Prussia: The Zollverein will last until 1918

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/premire-guerre-mondiale.html

1848

William II grants the Luxembourgers their first constitution

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/ordr/1848/07/09/n1/jo

1856

Creation of the International Bank of Luxembourg and the State Savings Bank

https://paperjam.lu/article/1856-creation-bil-et-bcee

1856

William III imposes a more authoritarian constitution on the recalcitrant Luxembourgers

https://conseil-etat.public.lu/dam-assets/fr/publications/historique.pdf

1859

Opening of the first railway line

https://bnl.public.lu/fr/a-la-une/a-la-loupe/2024/epopee-du-rail.html

1866

Austro-Prussian War ends the German Confederation. Luxembourg severs all political ties with Germany.

https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/043965/2003-11-05/

1867

The Treaty of London decides to dismantle the fortress and proclaim Luxembourg's unarmed neutrality

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/top-5-accords-historiques.html

1870

The apostolic vicariate is erected into the bishopric of Luxembourg

https://www.cathol.lu/www/patrimoine/geschicht-vun-der-dioezees/histoire-de-larcheveche-de-luxembourg

1870

Construction of the first steelworks in Esch

https://citylife.esch.lu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2018/02/Sur_les_Traces_du_Passe%CC%81.pdf

1872

Michel Rodange publishes Rénert

https://www.persee.fr/doc/civme_1281-704x_2006_mel_16_1_1169

1890

On the death of Guillaume III, without an heir, the Grand Duchy passed away Nassau-Weilburg.

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/brochure/a-propos/A_propos_Famille_grand-ducale/A_propos_Famille_grand-ducale-FR.pdf

Grand Duke Adolph of Nassau Weilburg (1817-1905)

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-grand-duke-of-Luxembourg

1902-1914

Naissance des 3 partis politiques qui détermineront la vie politique du XXème siècle, parti socialiste, parti libéral et parti social-chrétien

https://shs.cairn.info/article/CRIS_433_0001?lang=fr&ID_ARTICLE=CRIS_433_0001

Guillaume IV, son of Adolphe, (1852-1912) had 6 daughters

https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/a-propos-des-armoiries-de-sar-le-grand-duc-de-luxembourg/a-propos-des-armoiries-de-SAR-le-grand-duc-de-luxembourg-fr.pdf

November 22, 1905

Guillaume IV becomes Grand Duke

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/les-anciens-souverains/sar-le-grand-duc-guillaume-iv

1909

François Faber wins the Tour de France, enlists in 1914 and dies in combat in 1915

https://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/fr/le-tour-de-france-et-la-guerre-de-14

1907

Guillaume IV therefore promulgated in 1907 an internal law of the House of Regent to confirm his eldest daughter Marie Adélaïde as heir to the throne, as well as a clairvoyant family statute regarding the internal constitution of the House of Regent.

https://monarchie.lu/fr/la-monarchie/les-anciens-souverains/sar-le-grand-duc-guillaume-iv

1912

Avénement de Marie-Adélaïde à 18 ans. Première souveraine à être née sur le sol luxembourgeois depuis le comte Jean l'Aveugle

https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/a-propos-famille-grand-ducale/A-propos-Famille-grand-ducale-FR.pdf

1914

Violation of Luxembourg's neutrality by Germany

http://www.gwpda.org/wwi-www/Belgique/neutre.html

August 1914

The Grand Duchess accepts to receive at the palace the Emperor who established his son headquarters in Luxembourg

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/histoire/premire-guerre-mondiale.html

1915-1916

Serious political crisis caused by the Grand Duchess

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P88-89

1918-1919

Revolutionary troubles in Luxembourg, failure of the attempt to establish the republic

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

November 22, 1918

Entry of French troops into Luxembourg

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

December 1918

The government denounces the Zollverein, in the impossibility of living in autarky Luxembourg will have to seek an economic union with Belgium ou la France

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

1919

Marie-Adélaïde abdicated in favor of her cadet sister Charlotte

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/livre/gouvernements_depuis_1848_-_version_2011/Gouvernements_depuis_1848-version_2011.pdf

1919

Double referendum --> 80% in favor of maintaining the dynasty, etc 73% for an economic union with France

https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/grand-est/histoires-14-18-luxembourg-occupe-1201407.html

1920

Luxembourg enters the society of nations

https://newyork-un.mae.lu/fr/ambassades/le-luxembourg-et-les-nations-unies.html

1921

Signature of the Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/actualites/toutes_actualites/communiques/2021/11-novembre/17-centenaire-uebl.html

1923

François and Marcel Anen install a radiotelephone transmitter in the attic of their house, 28 Rue Beaumont in Luxembourg, in autumn 1923 and start their first experiments.

https://company.rtl.com/export/sites/rtlunited/en/about-rtl/overview/our-history/

1925

The Anen brothers created Association Radio Luxembourg to run the station.

https://radio.lu/en/

1929

RTL receives the radio frequency concession from the state

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

May 1940

Germany violates again Luxembourg's neutrality, the sovereign and the government goes into exile

https://www.chd.lu/fr/histoire-parlementaire-invasion-10mai1940

August 1940

A Gauleiter is put in place as head of the administration avec pour but to Germanize Luxembourg

http://www.ons-jongen-a-meedercher.lu/uploads/media/document/0001/64/b516791e36bbd8a2aab2b75581773c53b496ed3e.pdf

October 1940

The use of French is prohibited, the organs of the State are dissolved the political parties and the banned unions

Histoire du Luxembourg. Jean-Marie Kreins. P101

1941

The Luxembourgers start a census organized by the Nazis Referendum for their mother tongue and for their nationality

http://www.ons-jongen-a-meedercher.lu/uploads/media/document/0001/64/b516791e36bbd8a2aab2b75581773c53b496ed3e.pdf

1944

Creation of the BENELUX

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/dossiers/2018/benelux.html#:~:text=Le%20Benelux%20voit%20le%20jour,vigueur%20le%201er%20janvier%201948.

1944

Liberation of Luxembourg

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/comment-les-americains-ont-libere-le-luxembourg-en-septembre-1944/16878081.html

1945

Luxembourg becomes a founding member of the UN

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/systeme-politique/ue-organisations-internationales.html

1948

An amendment to the constitution abolished neutrality, imposed in 1867 par the European powers

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1948/04/28/n1/jo

1948

Luxembourg signs the Brussels Pact and then the NATO Pact

https://www.nato.int/cps/fr/natohq/declassified_162355.htm

1948

Beginnings of civil aviation with the creation of "Luxembourg Airlines Company"

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1968/BID_1968_4/BID_1968_4.pdf

1949

Arrivals of Goodyear (1949), DuPont (1962) and Monsanto (1963).

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1950

Responds to Robert Schuman's call and becomes a founding member of the future European Union

https://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/fr/robert-schuman/biographie-robert-schuman-fr

1952

Luxembourg City was chosen as the provisional seat of the first European Community, then confirmed in 1992 at the Edinburgh Summit.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-Coal-and-Steel-Community

1955

RTL receives the television frequency concession from the State

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1964

Charlotte abdicates in favor of her son Jean

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/la-vie-du-grand-duc-jean/268039.html

1969

The first motorway is put into service

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/1969/06/03/n1/jo

1974

Steel production reached a historic peak of 6.5 million tonnes. The steel crisis heralded the decline of the industrial sector.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1981

Country's last iron ore mine to close

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1981

Introduction of banking secrecy.

https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1981/04/23/n1/jo

1984

Luxembourgish becomes national language

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/langues/luxembourgeois-langue-histoire.html

1985

Creation of SES

https://www.ses.com/about-us/our-history

1985

Pope John Paul II elevates the Bishopric of Luxembourg to the rank of Archbishopric

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/le-jour-ou-jean-paul-ii-a-troque-sa-calotte-pour-un-casque-de-siderurgiste-au-luxembourg/20526324.html

1985

Schengen Agreement on free movement.

https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/societe-et-culture/ouverture-internationale/accords-schengen.html

1986

Luxembourg people receive the Charlemagne Prize

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/le-peuple-luxembourgeois-recoit-le-prix-charlemagne/235438.html

1995

Luxembourg City becomes European Capital of Culture for the first time.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1997

The last Luxembourg blast furnace is shut down. Production is now limited to the electrical process.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

1997

Luxembourg holds the rotating presidency of the EU

https://paperjam.lu/article/luxembourg-prend-presidence-co

2000

Grand Duke John abdicates in favor of his son Henry

https://www.virgule.lu/luxembourg/cette-allocution-de-noel-du-grand-duc-jean-a-change-le-cours-de-la-monarchie/30034285.html

2002

Merger between Arcelor and Mittal

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2003

Creation of the University of Luxembourg

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2005

In a referendum, 56% of the population voted in favour of the European constitution, which was however never adopted.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2008

Constitutional crisis over euthanasia

https://gouvernement.lu/fr/actualites/toutes_actualites/discours/2008/12-decembre/02-juncker-euthanasie/traduction.html

2013

Election of a DP/LSAP/Greens coalition - called "Gambia".

https://eurocrisislaw.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2019/05/Luxembourg.pdf

2014

The House of Representatives votes for same-sex marriage.

Gouvernement : https://luxembourg.public.lu/fr/publications/ap-histoire.html

2018

Re-election of a DP/LSAP/Greens coalition - called "Gambia".

https://eurocrisislaw.eui.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2019/05/Luxembourg.pdf

2023

Election of a CSV/DP coalition

https://sip.gouvernement.lu/en/actualites.gouvernement2024%2Ben%2Bactualites%2Btoutes_actualites%2Bcommuniques%2B2023%2B10-octobre%2B11-frieden-formateur.html

2025

Grand Duke Henry abdicates in favor of his son William

https://histoiresroyales.fr/grand-duc-henri-ceremonie-adieu-armee-luxembourgeoise-avant-abdication/

Architecture

https://luxembourg.public.lu/en/visit/arts-and-culture/luxembourg-architectural-heritage-ii-luxembourg-city.html